A testbecsülést befolyásoló tényezők vizsgálata serdülő lányok körében [Study of factors related to female adolescents’ body appreciation]

Obál Annabella, Hamvai Csaba, Pikó Bettina

Összefoglaló


Összefoglaló:
Bevezetés: A serdülőkor a testi és lelki változások időszaka, ami különösen a lányok számára megterhelő élmény. A serdülő lányok testükkel való elégedettsége csökken, énképük negatívabb irányba változik, ami evészavarokhoz, egészségkárosító viselkedéshez, depresszióhoz vezethet. Jelen kutatásunkban olyan egészségváltozók szerepét vizsgáltuk, melyek befolyásolhatják a serdülő lányok testbecsülésének mértékét.
Módszerek: Vizsgálatunkban 454 szegedi és hódmezővásárhelyi középiskolás lány vett részt (14-20 évesek, átlag= 16,3 év, szórás =1,1). Az adatgyűjtéshez papíralapú, önkitöltős kérdőívet használtunk.
Eredmények: A családban előforduló evészavar és elhízás, a jelenlegi és a múltbéli fogyókúrák, a dohányzás és az alkoholfogyasztás mind hozzájárulnak a testbecsülés mértékének csökkenéséhez. Azonban, aki jobban odafigyel táplálkozására, rendszeresen sportol és saját egészségét jónak vagy kiválónak értékeli, nagyobb fokú testbecsüléssel rendelkezik. A testtömegindex (BMI) szerint, aki vékonyabb, annak a testbecsülés mértéke is magasabb. A testkép értékelése esetében, aki a saját testalkatát vékonyabbnak jelölte, nagyobb fokú testbecsülésről számolt be.
Következtetés: Eredményeink alapján az egészségvédő magatartás, mint a sportolás, a jó saját egészségi állapot megítélése, a saját testalkat vékonyabbként való észlelése, az alacsonyabb BMI és az étkezésre való odafigyelés mind hozzájárulhatnak a testbecsülés mértékének növekedéséhez.
A pozitív testkép kialakítását célzó programok középpontjában gyakran a rizikótényezők állnak, fontos lenne azonban a pozitív testkép protektív komponenseinek hangsúlyozása is, a már meglévő erőforrások erősítése. Jövőbeli kutatások célja lehet a testbecsülés további védőfaktorainak feltérképezése és összefüggéseinek feltárása.

Summary:
Introduction: Adolescence is a time of not only physiological but also psychological changes, which period, especially for girls, could be challenging. Girls’ satisfaction with their bodies decreases, and negative self-image increases which may lead to eating disorders, depression and adoption of health damaging behaviors. The aim of our study was to investigate the role of health factors in body appreciation among adolescent girls.
Methods: The sample consisted of 454 high school students in Szeged and Hódmezővásárhely (aged between 14-20 years, mean=16.3, SD=1.1). Self-administered questionnaire was used as a method of data collection.
Results: Our findings suggest that the presence of eating disorders and obesity in family members, present and past dieting, smokingand drinking all contribute to low level of body appreciation. However, those who pay attention to what they eat, who engage in sports regularly, who perceive their health as good/excellent possess a higher level of body appreciation. Those who have lower BMI scores and perceive themselves slimmer also have a higher level of body appreciation.
Conclusion: The results highlight that health protective behaviors like engaging in sports regularly, perceiving one’s own health state better, perceiving one’s body as slim, having low or normal level of BMI scores and paying attention to healthy eating all contribute to higher level of body appreciation. Most programs focusing on the enhancement of body image may target on risk factors; however it would be important to emphasize protective factors of positive body image, to strengthen one’s own resources and to develop other protective factors. The aim of future studies could be the exploration of other protective factors of positive body image and to investigate their relationship.

Kulcsszavak


serdülő lányok; testbecsülés; védőfaktorok [adolescent girls; body appreciation; protective factors]

Teljes szöveg:

Teljes szöveg

Felhasznált szakirodalom


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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.24365/ef.v60i2.396

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